Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – November 10, 1938) was a field marshal, statesman, author and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey. Appointed by the parliament, he served as the first president of Turkey from 1923 until his death in 1938.
He facilitated immense progressive reforms, called ‘Ataturk’s Revolutions’ modernizing Turkey into a secular and industrialized nation. He is known as one of the most influential figures of the 20th century with his attention to education and women’s rights. He made primary education free and mandatory, opening thousands of schools across the country. He granted women equal civil and political rights, becoming one of the first countries in the world to do so. He also introduced the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Atatürk was recognized as a centennial world leader by UNESCO in 1981, and there were celebrations throughout that year.
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